"spank" is the dependent variable. This is the response the researcher measures the parent on that is the outcome measure. This is the effect the researcher wants to study and understand more about the causes of.

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Hypertext tutorial to teach social science experimental design by Don R. Osborn is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License.
Based on a work at cas.bellarmine.edu.
Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at drosborn@bellarmine.edu.