Figure 1. Food Chain Examples
Figure 1. Food Chain Examples
Figure 2. Another Food Chain.
Figure 3. Relationship between the grazing and decomposer food chains.
Figure 4. A marsh food web
| Trophic Level | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 4th | Grizzly | ||
| 3rd | Grizzly | Chipmunk | |
| 2nd | Grizzly | Elk, Marmot | Insects |
| 1st | Grasses, berries, roots | Grasses | Grasses |
Table 1. Many species occupy more than one trophic level.
Figure 5. A simple food web (A) vs. a more complex system (B)
Figure 6. Stability of the first type.
Figure 7. Stability of the second type.
Interaction |
Species A | Species B |
| Competition | - | - |
| Predation & Parasitism | + | - |
| Mutualism | + | + |
| Commensalism | + | 0 |
| Amensalism (inhibition) | - | 0 |
| Neutralism | 0 | 0 |
Table 2. Potential species interactions. All except neutralism can be affected through evolution.
Figure 8. Internet connections surrounding Urbana, Illinois
Figure 9. Internet Usage
| E | N1 | N2 | N3 | |
| dE /dt = | -a EN1 | -b EN2 | ||
| dN1 /dt = | +e EN1 | -f N12 | -g N1N2 | -h N1N3 |
| dN2 /dt = | +i N2N1 | -j N22 | -k N2N3 | |
| dN3 /dt = | +l N3N1 | -m N3N2 | -n N32 |
Table 3. A sample three species cybernetic model. Read First Book of System Design
Figure 10. Conceptual model of cybernetic competition.
Figure 11. Stand-alone version of web simulator
Figure 12. Using the web-based simulator.
Figure 13. The interaction matrix
Figure 14. Sample simulation.
Figure 15. Changing the strength of one interaction.
Stand-alone version is
here
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