Hominid Evolution Summary (A slightly Longer version is HERE. A Detailed Version is HERE) Bone clone rotational series

A Version with Just Pix is HERE


species Time Period cranial cap (cc) height jaw & teeth face other
Sahelanthropus tchadensis 6-7 mybp 350 ? small canines low forehead, brow ridge may be closest common ancestor to chimps gracile A comparison of ape-like vs. human-like skulls
Ardipithecus ramidus 4.4-5.8 mybp 350 4 ft chimp-like teeth Low forehead with brow ridge seems to be a forest-dweller (this has implications for the savanna-driven theories of bipedalism) gracile  Movie Link (You can't see it without a Science subscription)
Australopithecus afarensis 3.0-3.9 mybp 375-550 3'6"- 5' small canines, jaw intermediate low forehead, flat nose, no chin, brow ridge sexually dimorphic gracile, "Lucy" See the Latoli footprints here See brain size here
Paranthropus robustus 1.5-2.0 mybp 530 4' small front teeth, large back panned no forehead, small sagittal crest robust, may have used bones as digging tools, some classify as genus Australopithicus See this too
Homo habilis 1.5-2.4 mybp 500-800 5' human-like protruding jaws, large molars, no chin, brow ridge, long low skull Broca's area from brain cast (more here), tool making, may be several species including Homo rudolfensis NOTE: Some researchers question if habilis is a direct human ancestor. Had a precision grip. "Handy man" did not use fire
Homo erectus 1.8 mybp - 300,000 750-1225 5' human-like protruding jaws, large molars, no chin, brow ridge, long low skull probably used fire, efficient stone tools, first to leave Africa and migrated to Asia and Europe. Generally considered to be a direct human ancestor. See fire and tools here
Homo neanderthalensis 230,000-30,000 ybp 1450 5'6" human-like low brain case with protrusion at rear, protruding jaw, weak chin and forehead buried their dead, advanced tools, music, not brute-like (even worse) See this too
Homo floresiensis to 18,000 ybp 360 ~ 3'3" human like with robust lower jaw Small slightly elongated skull with small brow ridges. Weak chin. Probably evolved from H. erectus in Indonesia. Limited habitat and isolation led to extraordinarily stature. This is NOT a pigmy. Homo floresiensis picture gallery
Homo sapiens 120,000 ybp 1350   human-like small or absent brow ridges, high forehead art, music, beads, tools, cave paintings

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